氨能源作为清洁能源的应用前景

合成氨是一种成本低廉的化工原料,具有较高能量密度和辛烷值、易于压缩储运、燃烧不产生CO2等优点,是一种应用前景广泛的新型清洁能源。氨既可替代汽油、柴油等化石燃料,为汽车发动机直接提供清洁燃料,也可以经催化分解制取氢气,为车载燃料电池提供安全氢气。作为传统石油燃料的理想替代品,氨为解决环境污染和能源短缺问题提供了新的燃料选择。本文主要从发动机燃料和燃料电池原料两方面,介绍氨用于汽车动力源的优越性和可操作性,以及国内外相关研究进展;集中分析了氨分解制氢的催化剂体系的研究进展和局限性,以及合成氨的研究现状。

Application research and development prospect of ammonia as clean energy

Synthetic ammonia is a low-cost chemical material. It is a novel clean energy with broad application prospects and possesses high energy density and octane value, convenient conditions for storage and transportation, and combustion without CO₂. Ammonia can replace gasoline, diesel and other fossil fuels and supply clean fuel for automotive engines, moreover, it can provide hydrogen energy for vehicle fuel cells through catalytic decomposition. Being the ideal alternative to traditional petroleum fuels, ammonia offers another fuel choice for solving the problems of environmental pollution and energy shortage. This paper mainly focuses on the advantages and maneuverability of ammonia used as engine fuel and fuel cell raw material in automotive power source, and the related research progress at home and abroad. The research progress and limitation of the catalytic system for ammonia decomposition and the research status of synthetic ammonia were introduced.