Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanotube Spheres for High-performance K-O2 Batteries |
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| Authors: | DOU Yaying ZHANG Yantao GUO Feng SHEN Yanbin CHEN Gang WEI Yingjin XIE Zhaojun ZHOU Zhen |
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| Affiliation: | School of Materials Science and Engineering,Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry,Ministry of Education,Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(ReCast),Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries,Ministry of Education,College of Physics,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,P.R.China;College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,P.R.China;Zhejiang Chint Electrics Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201614,P.R.China;i-Lab,CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Suzhou 215123,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries,Ministry of Education,College of Physics,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,P.R.China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry,Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry,Ministry of Education,Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center(ReCast),Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,P.R.China |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
In view of the ever-growing pressure for green gas emission reduction, there is an urgent need for renewable energy systems. Rechargeable alkali metal-oxygen batteries, especially lithium-oxygen(Li-O2) batteries, are deemed the most promising energy storage systems because of their higher theoretical energy density than that of current lithium-ion batteries[1—5]. However, their practical application is seriously hindered by the active oxygen intermediates(O2-, LiO2, and 1O2) and the insulating Li2O2 product[6,7]. The former is destructive to carbon materials, and the latter is dependent on electrocatalysts or redox mediators[8—10]. Therefore, although carbon-based materials have many unique properties, such as high electronic conductivity, light mass and low cost, they are not practical air cathodes for Li-O2 batteries. Instead of forming peroxide species, potassium-oxygen(K-O2) and sodium-oxygen(Na-O2) batteries enable a single-electron redox process of M++O2+ e-←→MO2(M=K or Na). This provides an elegant strategy to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) kinetics, thereby greatly decreasing overpotential and improving round-trip efficiency(>90%) even without any electro-catalyst[11—15]. Obviously, it paves an exciting avenue to use carbon materials in metal-O2 batteries, which can significantly reduce the cost and further increase the energy density of batteries. Besides, the replacement of Li with abundant Na and K also makes large-scale implementation more feasible[16]. Unlike Na-O2 batteries, where the discharge products(NaO2, Na2O2, Na2O2·H2O, or mixtures) vary significantly with the operating conditions, KO2 with higher stability(ΔGr of KO2: -239.4 kJ/mol) has been identified as the sole discharge product in K-O2 batteries[15,17]. A recent review has systema-tically summarized the characteristics and advantages of K-O2batteries[18], and emphasized that K-O2 batteries are the only system that does not produce 1O2, which reduces the parasitic reactions related to electrolyte/electrode decomposition. Therefore, K-O2 batteries offer unique advantages in the family of superoxide-based metal-O2 batteries. |
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| Keywords: | Potassium-oxygen battery Potassium superoxide Carbon nanotube |
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