Contribution of electrolyte pH and deposition potentials to the magnetic anisotropy of electrodeposited nickel films |
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| Authors: | Hakan Kockar Mursel Alper Oznur Karaagac Nuri Nakiboglu M Celalettin Baykul |
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| Institution: | 1. Physics Department, Science and Literature Faculty, Balikesir University, 10145, Balikesir, Turkey;2. Physics Department, Science and Literature Faculty, Uludag University, Görükle 16059, Bursa, Turkey;3. Chemistry Department, Science and Literature Faculty, Balikesir University, 10145 Balikesir, Turkey;4. Physics Department, Science and Literature Faculty, Osmangazi University, 26480 Meselik, Eskisehir, Turkey;1. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran;2. Nano Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Abhar, Iran;1. School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2. CITIC Guoan Mengguli Power Science and Technology Co., LTD, Beijing 102200, China;1. Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Turkey;2. Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Turkey;3. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Turkey;4. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Turkey;1. Physics Department, Science & Literature Faculty, Balikesir University, 10145 Cagis, Balikesir, Turkey;2. Physics Department, Science & Literature Faculty, Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey;1. Geriatric Psychiatry Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;2. Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;3. Laboratory for Psychiatric Biostatistics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA;4. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;5. Department of Psychiatry, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey;6. Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;7. The Brain Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT;1. School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran;2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-4838, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran;3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, 16059 Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey;4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | The influence of electrolyte pH and cathode potential on the magnetic properties of single layer Nickel films electrodeposited on polycrystalline titanium substrates was studied. The films were deposited at the electrolyte pH=3.5±0.1, 2.5±0.1 and 2.1±0.1 by varying the deposition potentials (?1.2, ?1.5 and ?1.8 V vs saturated calomel electrode, SCE) applied in continuous waveform. The structural analysis by X-ray diffraction revealed that the films have face-centred cubic structure. Results of the magnetic measurements obtained by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicated that the magnetic properties were affected by the electrolyte pH and the cathode potentials in terms of magnetic anisotropy. At the highest pH the films deposited at the lowest potential had in-plane magnetic anisotropy. As the electrolyte pH decreased from the high (pH=3.5±0.1) to low (pH=2.5±0.1), which is aided by increasing the potentials, resulted in an almost magnetic isotropy in the films. However, isotropic magnetic behaviour was observed for the film deposited at the low pH combined with the high potential (?1.8 V vs SCE). Magnetic thickness profile of the samples obtained by VSM revealed that the isotropic films have a smoother magnetic variation across the film from one edge than the anisotropic ones. This is also verified with a microscopic observation by an optical microscope and the surface of the isotropic films is observed to be smoother than that of the anisotropic ones. Furthermore, all films were found to have planar magnetic anisotropy irrespective of the pH’s and the potentials. |
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