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Erbium incorporation in LiNbO3 by diffusion-doping |
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| Authors: | I. Baumann R. Brinkmann M. Dinand W. Sohler L. Beckers C. Buchal M. Fleuster H. Holzbrecher H. Paulus K.-H. Müller T. Gog G. Materlik O. Witte H. Stolz W. von der Osten |
| Affiliation: | Universit?t-GH Paderborn, FB6 - Angewandte Physik, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany (Fax:?+49-5251/603422), DE Institut für Schicht- und Ionentechnik ISI, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany (Fax:?+49-2461/614673), DE Institut für Technologie- und Wissenstransfer im Kreis Soest, FB Elektrische Energietechnik der Universit?t-GH Paderborn, Abt. Soest, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany (Fax:?+49-2921/378266), DE Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB am Deutschen Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany (Fax:?+49-40/89982787), DE Universit?t-GH Paderborn, FB6 - Experimentalphysik, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn (Fax:?+49-5251/603710), XX |
| Abstract: | The erbium incorporation into LiNbO3 by diffusion doping is investigated in detail by means of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Secondary Neutral Mass Spectrometry, Rutherford Backscattering, Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray Standing Wave technique and optical site-selective spectroscopy. The diffusion of erbium in LiNbO3 can be described by Fick’s laws of diffusion with a concentration-independent diffusion coefficient. The diffusion constants and activation energies for Z-cut (X-cut) LiNbO3 are 4.8×10-5 cm2/s (12.0×10-5 cm2/s) and 2.28 eV (2.44 eV), respectively. A limited solubility of erbium in LiNbO3 has to be taken into account increasing exponentially with rising temperature. During the first step of diffusion an Er x Nb y -oxide layer is formed at the surface of the sample acting as diffusion reservoir. Erbium is incorporated into LiNbO3 on vacant Li-sites slightly shifted from the original Li-position along the (-c)-direction. Site-selective spectroscopy found four distinguishable energetically different erbium centres at this lattice site resulting from locally different symmetries of the crystal field. Received: 21 March 1996 / Accepted: 12 August 1996 |
| Keywords: | PACS: 42.70 66.30 |
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