Simultaneous quantification of five biogenic amines based on LC–MS/MS and its application in honeybee venom from different subspecies |
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Authors: | Wenwen Zhang Xinran Wang Shupeng Yang Qingsheng Niu Liming Wu Yi Li Jinhui Zhou |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China;2. Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Bee Product Quality Supervision and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Quality and Safety of Honeybee Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
Key Laboratory of Bee Products for Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China;3. Apicultural Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, China |
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Abstract: | The use of honeybee venom in traditional medicine is increasing due to its unexpected beneficial effects in the treatment of diseases. In this study, a simple and environmentally friendly sample preparation procedure was developed to quantify five biogenic amines—histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline—in honeybee venom using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The instrument and sample preparation method were optimized to achieve stable, sensitive, and accurate quantification of the five biogenic amines. The peak purities of five biogenic amines in bee venom were examined using a diode array detector to ensure that endogenous impurities will not interfere with biogenic amines during the chromatographic separation procedure. The correlation coefficient of each compound was higher than 0.998 in the range of 0.5–1000 ng/mL. The limits of detection and quantification of the developed method ranged between 0.09 and 0.17, and 0.3 and 0.59 μg/g, respectively. The average recoveries of spiked biogenic amines with different concentrations were higher than 70.95%, and the intra- and intermediate-day precisions were lower than 7.51% and 10.17%, respectively. The carry-over between each injection and the stability of the target analytes were also evaluated to ensure the effectiveness of this method. The data obtained are presented in various formats, including boxplot, heat map, and principal component analysis diagram, to visualize the differences in the biogenic amine contents of the honeybee venoms from different subspecies. This method hopes to provide the opportunity to distinguish the bee venom produced by different subspecies. |
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Keywords: | biogenic amine honeybee subspecies honeybee venom liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
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