陶寺遗址陶器彩绘颜料的光谱分析

利用拉曼光谱结合X衍射和红外光谱物相检测方法，对山西襄汾县陶寺遗址出土陶器的表面含量极少的彩绘颜料及其胶结物质的物相结构进行了分析鉴定。结果表明，红色矿物颜料，白色矿物颜料保存都较为完好，未发生显著的变化，分别为朱砂(HgS)和碳酸钙(CaCO₃)无机矿物，此外红外光谱的分析结果表明红色颜料是通过熟石灰(Ca(OH)₂)胶结材料胶结到陶器表面的，碳酸钙的形成应当是熟石灰长期吸收空气中的二氧化碳的结果。这一研究表明显微拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析技术非常适合考古发掘中含量较少的彩绘颜料的科学鉴定，较X衍射的物相鉴定更为简洁明了； 另外朱砂中并未发现石英矿的伴生，这一结果或可表明早在4000年前的陶寺先民已掌握朱砂颜料的合成技术。

Spectral Analysis of Ceramic-Painting Pigments from Taosi Site

Based on the analysis of Raman,IR spectroscopy and XRD methods,the structure of the different pigments and bond in red pigment in the ceramic from Taosi site in Xiangfeng county,Shanxi province was analyzed.It is very prominent that both red and white pigments have been well preserved.The red pigment was identified as HgS,while white pigment is CaCO3,and the bond in red pigment is CaCO3,which was made from white lime,and the reasons for its formation is because of carbon dioxide in air,which was absorbed by white lime over long history.Moreover,it was indicated that the Raman and IR spectra are more effective for identifying the ancient pigments in very few quantities than XRD.Furthermore,the fact that quartz was unfound in vermilion,suggested that the technique for synthetic vermilion might have been known in 4 000 years ago in Taosi site.