石墨炔结构表征及在光电催化反应中的应用

石墨炔是一种新型碳材料,自2010年实验室成功制备后受到广泛关注。石墨炔是一种由sp和sp~2杂化碳组成的高度共轭结构。随着石墨炔合成化学的发展,多种不同构型的石墨炔被制备和表征。石墨炔特殊的电子和孔结构,使其在催化领域中具有广泛的应用。本文总结了近年来石墨炔材料在表征方法和光电催化反应方面的研究进展,并探讨了石墨炔未来发展的机遇和挑战。

Structure Characterization and Application of Graphdiyne in Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Reactions

Graphdiyne(GDY) is a new booming carbon material with a highly π-conjugatedstructure that consists of sp-and sp²-hybridizedcarbon atoms. Due to the diverse compositions of the carbon atoms, GDYs can bedivided into several forms based on their structure and periodicity. Until2010, γ-GDY has been successfully synthesized and becomes a new member of thecarbon family. Many researchers have subsequently devoted their attention tothe study of GDY. Compared to the traditional carbon materials, GDY exhibits aunique carbon network and electronic structure, thereby attracting considerableattention in a variety of fields. With the development of its syntheticchemistry, many types of GDY with different structures have been synthesizedand characterized. The characterization of their micromorphology is crucial forstudying the synthesis procedure and understanding the properties of GDYmaterials. At present, the developed method can characterize GDY morphology, crystal structure, and thechemical bonds of the carbon atoms. Specifically, the morphology and thicknessof GDY can be evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The crystal structure can beinvestigated using X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electronmicroscopy. The chemical bonding of the carbon atoms can be analyzed by Ramanspectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transforminfrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR), UV-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, etc. However, methods for therapid and nondestructive characterization of the highly crystalline graphdiyneare still absent, restricting the study of the intrinsic properties of GDY. Dueto the unique electronic and porous structure of GDY, it has been the focus ofextensive investigations in the field of catalysis. As a result of itsfavorable electronic structure and good capability for transferringphotoexcited electrons and holes, GDY can enhance light absorption andfacilitate the separation of photoexcited charge carriers in semiconductors andthereby significantly promote their photocatalytic performance. In addition, GDY can be modified using foreign elements, providing an ideal platform toprepare a highly active catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygenevolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, etc. Furthermore, GDY can besynthesized on arbitrary substrates in a three-dimensional nanosheet arraystructure, which can provide a large number of channels for the transfer ofelectrons and a large contact area with the reactant, which is beneficial inelectrocatalytic reactions. This review focused on the recent developments incharacterization methods as well as the photo and electrocatalysis applicationsof GDY, and elaborated the opportunities and challenges for the investigationof GDY in the future.