The influence of the polarization effect in Talbot self-imaging of high-density gratings

The Talbot self-imaging of high-density gratings with different period at half Talbot distance for different polarization is analyzed with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The numerical results indicate that the Talbot self-imaging of high-density gratings is obviously different for different polarization when the period d of the grating between 2λ and 3λ, which is verified through experimental results with the scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) technique. Furthermore, the Fourier spectrum (far field) generated by the gratings is also given with the rigorous coupled-wave method, which is in agreement with the near field.