On the combined effects of compositional inhomogeneity and ammonia addition to turbulent flames of ethylene |
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| Institution: | 1. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), CCRC, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;2. School of Aerospace Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N6N5, Canada;2. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, 11 Crerar Cres., Kingston, ON K7K7B4, Canada;1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada;2. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria St., Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan;2. Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia;1. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China;2. Aero-engine Thermal Environment and Structure Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nangjing 210016, People''s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | This paper is part of a broader program aimed at investigating the effects of co-firing clean fuels such as ammonia or hydrogen with hydrocarbons. The focus is on soot formation as well as flame stability in turbulent mixed-mode combustion, which is highly relevant in practical combustors. Ammonia substitution for nitrogen results in reduced flame stability, and this is correlated to differences in flame speed and extinction strain rate. While it is known that the addition of ammonia suppresses soot, visual inspection of compositionally inhomogeneous flames of ethylene-ammonia indicates a reduction in ammonia's ability to suppress soot formation. Measurements of soot volume fraction and laser-induced fluorescence in selected UV and visible bands are made along the centreline in selected flames to test this hypothesis. Experimental results are then compared to simulations in laminar diffusion flames, stratified counterflow flames, and partially premixed flames. All results confirm the soot-inhibiting ability of ammonia. Increasing inhomogeneity, leading to higher centreline mixture fractions, enhances soot formation, and the level of enhancement is greater for flames with ammonia than without. Moreover, it is found that partial premixing is ultimately responsible for determining the amount of soot formed as opposed to stratification of fuel mixtures near the pilot. |
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