离子液体在生物工程方面的进展

离子液体具有不挥发性、非易燃性、离子电导率高、物化性能稳定、电化学窗口宽、结构多样性与可设计性等诸多优良特性,近年来已在电化学、生物、绿色化学等领域发挥着至关重要的作用。本文综述了离子液体在生物方面的一些应用：作为理想的载体将目标基因或者药物运送到靶细胞中达到治疗的目的；探究离子液体的毒性对生物体的影响从而达到杀灭癌细胞等特殊细胞或绿色降解的目的；利用其电催化活性好、灵敏度高等特性制成生物传感器用于电化学检测；将离子液体作为核酸分离的载体,使得核酸的分离的过程简化、效率提高。

Progress of Ionic Liquids on Biological Engineering

Ionic liquids are of many excellent properties such as non-volatility, nonflammability, high ionic conductivity, physicochemical stability, wide electrochemical window, structural diversity and designability. In recent years, they have played a vital role in electrochemistry, biology, green chemistry, etc. This article mainly reviews some applications of ionic liquids in biology as follows. Firstly, the target gene or drug is expected to be delivered by ionic liquids as an ideal carrier to target cells for therapeutic purposes. Secondly, the toxicity effects of ionic liquids on organisms have been explored on purpose for killing cancer cells and other special cells or green degradation. Thirdly, the good electrocatalytic activity and high sensitivity of ionic liquids can lead to preparations of biosensors for electrochemical detections . Finally, ionic liquids can be used as the carrier for separations of nucleic acids to make the separation process simplified and the efficiency improved.