油水分离用天然材料表面化学研究进展

油水乳液和油水混合物的分离对解决工业含油废水以及原油泄漏造成的污染问题具有重要的意义。近年来应用于油水分离的超润湿材料引起了广泛的关注,并展现出良好的应用前景。本文综述了近年来利用超润湿性低成本、环保的天然材料通过过滤和吸附技术分离油水乳液和混合物的研究进展。对于每一种天然材料,如沙粒、木材、椰子壳等,介绍了代表性的研究工作,阐述了其制备过程、润湿特性以及对油水混合物或者油水乳液的分离效果,并讨论了利用超亲水/水下超疏油、超疏水/超亲油两种类型的材料分离不混溶的油水混合物、"水包油"型乳液和"油包水"型乳液等三类油水混合物的物理化学机理。最后,对该领域的挑战和未来的发展方向进行了展望。

The Surface Chemistry of Natural Materials for Oil-Water Separation

The separation of oil/water emulsions and mixtures is highly significant to the pollution treatments of industrial oily wastewaters and oil spills. Superwetting materials based on natural materials have showed promising potentials for oil/water separation and attracted great interests. The recent advances in oil/water separation technologies through filtration and absorption have been reviewed, particularly the separation materials based on low-cost and eco-friendly natural materials with surperwetting properties. For each material, representative research works have been summarized, including their preparation process, inherent or modified wettability, as well as the related separation applications. The separation mechanisms of oil/water mixtures, oil-in-water(O/W) emulsions and water-in-oil(W/O) emulsions with superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic and superhydrophobic/superoleophilic materials have been reviewed and discussed, too. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of the field have been briefly discussed.