A Pedagogical Illustration of the Determination of the Nature and Strength of Bonds in Crystalline Compounds from X-ray Diffraction and Infrared Spectroscopy Studies |
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Authors: | Pierre Couchot Sandrine Monney George D Sturgeon Michael Knorr |
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Institution: | (1) Département de Chimie, Université de Franche Comté, 25030 Besançon, Cedex, France;(2) Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588 |
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Abstract: | This article describes a method used to teach students how X-ray crystallography and infrared spectroscopy analysis can be used to obtain information about the nature and strength of the bonding in the crystalline compounds MIMIII(SO4)2 (with MI = K+, Rb+, Cs+ and MIII = Al3+, Cr3+, Fe3+). These sulfates form an isomorphic series. The influences of specific MIMIII ions on the variation of the a and c parameters and on the position of IR absorption bands are described. Additionally, X-ray crystallography and infrared spectroscopy studies of the double sulfates MIMIII(SO4)2 show students the existence of SO4-MIII-SO4]– layers in the crystallized products; the covalent character of MIII-O attractions, which give cohesion in these layers; the existence of MI layers between SO4-MIII-SO4]– layers, and the electrovalent character of MI-O interactions. |
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