Capillary electrophoresis analysis of inorganic cations in post-blast residue extracts applying a guanidinium-based electrolyte and bilayer-coated capillaries

A new CE method was developed for the identification and quantitation of inorganic cations in post‐blast residues. The simultaneous analysis in 20 min total runtime of eight cations in post‐blast residues (ammonium, potassium, monomethylammonium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, strontium), plus lithium cation as the internal reference, was carried out with a BGE involving a non‐CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic, and harmful to reproduction) chromophore (guanidinium cation) and a double‐layer modified capillary (hexadimethrine bromide/polyvinylsulfonate). A study of UV detection conditions using guanidinium ion as the probe led us to set the analysis and reference wavelengths and their associated bandwidths as well as the probe concentration fixed at 15 mM. The successive multiple ionic‐polymer layer approach limited the cation adsorption on capillary wall and improved the EOF stability. These caused a significant improvement in method repeatability. Intermediate precisions were 2.4% for corrected areas and 1.3% for normalized migration times. Limits of detection close to 1 mg/L for all cations were obtained. The matrix effects were studied with chemometric approach for different matrices representative of those collected after explosion. Tests with blank matrix extracts of soil, cloth, and with simulated matrix extract containing 800 mg/L Ca²⁺ and 500 mg/L Fe²⁺ were carried out and no significant matrix effects were observed. Finally, analyses of real residues collected after cash dispenser and homemade firework explosions demonstrate excellent correlation between the CE results and those obtained with the ion chromatography method used routinely.