Millimeter-Wave Attenuation Due to Fog and Clouds

The parameters of gamma drop size distribution model of fog and clouds are derived based on the liquid water content and optical visibility, the attenuation are calculated and discussed with this model and empirical relations of the liquid water content and the visibility or other parameters of fog and clouds. A new empirical formula to estimate fog and clouds attenuation is presented based on the Reyleigh absorption approximation, which is more accurate in general and can be used in wider frequency and temperature range than other empirical formulas.