| Abstract: | Adhesion of soft and hard tissues to yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been reported, despite its chemical inertness. To investigate the underlying mechanism of adhesion of hard and soft tissues to YSZ in dental implants, YSZ disks with (100), (110), and (111) crystalline planes were immersed in water for 60 days and in Hanks solution for 7 days, and the changes in the surface chemical states were characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. After immersion in water for 60 days, the concentration of hydroxyl groups on the YSZ surface increased. Therefore, the surface of YSZ was hydrated during immersion in water. In addition, phosphate groups were formed on the surface of YSZ immersed in Hanks solution. We conclude that the formation of phosphate on the YSZ surface in physiological conditions can promote reaction with the surrounding tissues. |
