基于元胞自动机的行人疏散流仿真研究

基于元胞自动机对行人疏散流进行仿真研究.模型利用两个动态参数反映行人移动区域内的疏散情况，从而决定行人的行为选择.模型中行人可以根据自身周围的情况选择移动、等待行为.本文仿真研究了行人在正常疏散环境下，系统规模、疏散人数、安全出口宽度、多个安全出口布局对行人疏散时间的影响.研究结果表明，行人疏散时间随行人数量呈线性增加；随安全出口宽度呈负指数性减少；同时，多个安全出口布局的不平衡也会对行人的疏散过程和疏散时间产生一定的影响. 关键词： 元胞自动机 行人疏散流 动态参数 疏散时间

Pedestrian evacuation flow simulation based on cellular automata

Pedestrian facility planning and pedestrian flow management and control depend on the theory of pedestrian flow. Simulation of pedestrian evacuation flow is presented based on cellular automata （CA） in this paper. Two dynamic parameters are formulated to simplify tactically the decision-making process of pedestrians, which can reflect the pedestrian judgment on the surrounding conditions and decide the pedestrian’s choice of action. The relationships of evacuation time against pedestrian density and exit width for different sizes of systems are studied. Moreover, the effect of exits arrangement on evacuation time is analyzed. It is observed that there is a linear relationship between evacuation time and pedestrian density, however, there is a negative exponential one between evacuation time and exit width. And exits arrangement affects pedestrian evacuation time.