丙二腈在多组分反应中的应用*

丙二腈分子中的氰基作为强吸电子基团活化亚甲基，也是良好的离去基团，以及氰基的碳氮三键可进行加成反应，使得丙二腈是一种非常特别的化合物。它具有非常丰富的反应性质，可以发生Knoevenagel缩合、Michael加成、环化和消去等反应，是进行多组分合成反应的优良试剂。由其参加的多组分合成反应已经成为合成众多碳环和杂环化合物的重要方法。本文综述了丙二腈在多组分反应中的研究进展，介绍了近年来丙二腈参加的多组分反应合成环状化合物的成功事例，展望了丙二腈反应的发展方向。

Application of Malononitrile in Multicomponent Reactions

Malononitrile is a particularly versatile compound, since the strongly electron-withdrawing cyano groups activate the methylene group, the polar multiple bond is suitable for nucleophilic addition and is also a good leaving group for substitution. The methylene group and one or both cyano groups can take part in condensation reactions to give a variety of addition products and heterocyclic compounds. This unique reactivity makes malononitrile an important candidate for multicomponent reactions. There have been a lot of multicomponent reactions with malononitrile for preparing carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. We reviews potential applications of malononitrile in multicomponent reactions, especially the recent representative examples for preparing heterocyclic compounds. The perspective for future development in this field is also briefly discussed. Contents
1 Knoevenagel condensations
1.1 Reactions of aldehyde with malononitrile
1.2 Reactions of ketones with malononitrile
1.3 Synthesis of cyclopropanes
2 Michael additions
3 Elimination reactions