城市地下工程中的环境岩土工程问题

近年来, 随着城市人口的急剧增长, 交通与住房拥挤状况日趋突出, 在我国一些大中城市中, 道路交通隧道、地铁工程、地下商城等地下工程建设项目在逐年增多。由于城市工程环境特殊性和地下工程的特点, 在其施工过程中经常出现基坑失稳 (明挖 )、地面沉降、岩溶塌陷、洞室失稳、巷道突水等多种环境岩土工程问题, 不仅严重影响地下工程建设和周围建筑物环境安全, 而且给国家造成重大经济损失。这一问题已引起岩土工程领域很许多专家的关注, 并成为该领域的研究热点。本文结合南京市区地下工程建设的实际情况, 探讨城市地下工程环境岩土工程问题的特点和形成机理, 并提出解决地下工程环境岩土工程问题的方法和建议。

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS OF URBAN UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING

In recent years, with increasing urban population, the conditions of communications and accommodations become more and more crowded. In some medium- sized or huge cities in our country, the number of underground engineering projects, such as communication tunnels,subways and underground markets increases year after year. Because of the pecularities of urban engineering circumstance and the characters of underground engineering projects, a series of environmental geotechnical problems, such as instability of foundation pit, ground subsidence,karst collapse, instability of cave and water irruption become more conspicuous and frequent. They seriously affect not only the construction of underground engineering projects and safety of buildings around, but also cause huge economic loss to the whole country. The problems have attract attention of experts in the geotechnical area and become the key study subject in the area. In combination with the practical constructions in Nanjing, the authors discuss the characters and mechanism of environmental geotechnical problems of urban underground engineering. At the same time, some suggestions and methods for solving the environmental geotechnical problems are given in the paper.