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Real-time observation of discrete Andreev tunneling events
Authors:Maisi V F  Saira O-P  Pashkin Yu A  Tsai J S  Averin D V  Pekola J P
Affiliation:Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland. ville.maisi@mikes.fi
Abstract:
We provide a direct proof of two-electron Andreev transitions in a superconductor-normal-metal tunnel junction by detecting them in a real-time electron counting experiment. Our results are consistent with ballistic Andreev transport with an order of magnitude higher rate than expected for a uniform barrier, suggesting that only part of the interface is effectively contributing to the transport. These findings are quantitatively supported by our direct current measurements in single-electron transistors with similar tunnel barriers.
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