Friction factors of finite and infinite square arrays of roughened pins

Friction factors of square arrays of roughened pins in smooth channels have been measured for a range of pin pitch to diameter ratios and roughness heights and for different sizes of array. The influence of the smooth channel has been removed in two ways; by extrapolating the results for a fixed pitch-to-diameter ratio to an infinite number of pins and by calculation from the finite array results. The resultant friction factors are compared with each other and with data obtained by testing single pins in smooth circular channels and transforming by various methods to the fully rough situation.