一种聚氧乙烯醚链三头季铵盐表面活性剂的合成

以五甲基二乙烯三胺（PMDETA）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（FAPOE）和环氧氯丙烷（ECP）为原料，分两步合成了一种含聚氧乙烯醚链三头季铵盐的表面活性剂。对反应影响因素、产物结构与部分性能进行了分析与表征。结果表明：第一步反应n（ECP）：n（FAPOE）为2．5～3：1，溶剂为正己烷，四丁基溴化铵作相转移催化剂，无水K2CO3作缚酸剂，时间6～8h。第二步反应n（中间体）：n（PMDETA）为3．5—4．0：1，溶剂为正丁醇，时间40-45h；溶剂与时间是主要影响因素。定性表征符合产物结构：定量表征n（Cl^-）：n（阳离子部分）为3．4：1，略高于理论值。产物的表面活性高，1．0×10^-4mol／L水溶液的表面张力可降至6．65mN／m。

Synthesis of a Tri-quaternary Ammonium Surlactant Containing P0lyoxyethylene Chain

A tri-quaternary ammonium surfactant containing polyoxyethylene chains was synthesized by using pentamethyldiethylenetriamine(PMDETA),fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (FAPOE) and epoxy chloropropane(ECP) as materials.The factors effecting reaction,structure and some properties of anticipant product were discussed and characterized respectively.The results show that in the first step,molar ratio n(ECP)∶n(FAPOE) 2.5～3.0∶1,normal hexane as solvent,tetrabutyl ammonium bromide as phase-transfer catalyst,anhydrous potassium carbonate as acid binding agent and reaction time 6～8 h,in the second step,molar ratio n(intermediate product)∶n(PMDETA) 3.5～4.0∶1,normal butyl alcohol as solvent,reaction time 40～45 h;the solvent and the reaction time are the main factors effecting the reaction;the qualitative determining results are suited for the anticipant product’s structure;the quantitative determining molar ratio n(Cl-)∶n(cationic portion) 3.4∶1,up the ideal value;and the anticipant product has superior surface activity,when its concentration is 1.0×10-4 mol/L,the surface tension of this aqueous solution can be descended to 6.65 mN.m-1.