分子体系的热运动基本方程

宏观热现象是由宏观物体中大量微观粒子(原子、分子…等)相互作用产生的无规则混乱运动引起的.分子体系的温度愈高、体积愈大,它的混乱运动程度就愈大,我们引入一个物理量S来表征这种运动的混乱度. 我们可以看出,混乱度S是温度T和体积V的函数S(T,V),或为能量E和体积V的函数S(E,V).我们在本文中证明,在缓慢的可逆热运动过度中,通过作微观的功和宏观功的方法,给体系一无穷小的能量dE,使其混乱度与体积的变化分别为dS与dV,则三者有如下关系:dE=TdS-pdV.这就是在可逆过程中的热运动基本方程,也就是传统热力学中所称的热力学基本方程.

The fundamental equation of thermo-motion for molecular system

The thermal phenomena of a system containing large number of molecules is produced by the irregular mothion of molecules in the system due to the interaction among the molecules. The system have more higher temperature and more larger volume, its irregular motion have more larger irregularity. We introduce a physical quantity S to reprent the irregularity of this motion. It is evident that S is a function of temperature T and volume V,S(T,V), or the function of energy E and volume V,S(E,V). We may prove in this paper that for a slowly reversible process, the infinitesimal change of energy dE due to the infinitesimal changes of irregularity dS and volume dV have the fallowing relation: dE=TdS-pdV. This is the funcdamental equation of thermo-motion in the reversible process for a molecular system. It is also called the thermodynamic fundamental equation in the classical thermodynamics.