Synthesis of pyrazine-bridged diimidazolium salts and their application in palladium catalyzed Heck-type coupling reactions |
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Authors: | Mareike C Jahnke Florian Hupka Saqib Ali Kingsley J Cavell |
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Institution: | a Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany b Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan c School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | Reaction of imidazole derivatives with 2,3-di(bromomethyl)pyrazine results in the formation of the new pyrazine-bridged diimidazolium salts 1-8. These salts proved to be valuable precursors for dinuclear complexes with mixed NHC/pyrazine ligands. Two of the pyrazine-bridged diimidazolium salts 3·H2O and 8·2H2O have been characterized by X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the first catalytic studies with mixtures of palladium acetate and the imidazolium salts have been carried out. The in situ prepared palladium complexes derived from the diimidazolium salts 1-8 exhibit a modest catalytic activity in Heck-type coupling reactions between 4-bromo benzaldehyde and styrene or n-butyl acrylate. |
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Keywords: | Imidazolium salts Pyrazine N-Heterocyclic carbene Catalysis |
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