A handheld mid-infrared methane sensor using a dual-step differential method for additive/multiplicative noise suppression |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China;2. College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, PR China;1. Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Khodabandeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khodabandeh, Iran;3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran;2. Department of Nanostructures, Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;1. Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA, USA;2. Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), CNRS/IPSL, UMR 7583, Universités Paris Est et Diderot, Paris, 61 av Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France;3. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA, USA;4. Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK;1. Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada;3. Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;1. Laboratoire de Dynamique Moléculaire et Matériaux Photoniques, Université de Tunis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, 5 Avenue Taha Hussein, 1008 Tunis, Tunisia;2. Laboratoire Lasers et Spectroscopies, Research Center in Physics of Matter and Radiation, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium;1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Protection Technology, Taiyuan 030006, China;3. School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;4. College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China |
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| Abstract: | A miniature mid-infrared (mid-IR) methane (CH4) sensor system was developed by employing a wide-band wire-source and a semi-ellipsoid multi-pass gas cell. A dual-step differential method instead of the traditional one-step differential method was adopted by this sensor to tune measuring range/zero point and to suppress the additive/multiplicative noise. This method included a first subtraction operation between the two output signals (including a detection signal and a reference signal) from the dual-channel detector and a second subtraction operation on the amplitudes of the first-subtraction signal and the reference signal, followed by a ratio operation between the amplitude of the second-subtraction signal and the reference signal. Detailed experiments were performed to assess the performance of the sensor system. The detection range is 0–50 k ppm, and as the concentration gets larger than 12 k ppm, the relative detection error falls into the range of ?3% to +3%. The Allan deviation is about 4.65 ppm with an averaging time of 1 s, and such value can be further improved to 0.45 ppm with an averaging time of 124 s. Due to the cost-effective incandescence wire-source, the small-size ellipsoid multi-pass gas cell and the miniature structure of the sensor, the developed standalone device shows potential applications of CH4 detection under coal-mine environment. |
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| Keywords: | Mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy Gas detection Methane |
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