SonoFenton degradation of an azo dye,Direct Red |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China;1. Future Environmental Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 660-844, Republic of Korea;2. School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Republic of Korea;1. Grupo de Investigación en Cromatografía y Técnicas Afines, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, A.A. 275, Manizales, Colombia;2. Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquía, A.A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia;3. Laboratoire Rhéologie et Procédés, Grenoble, France;4. King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;1. Département de Chimie, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Maroua, B.P. 814, Maroua, Cameroon;2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Laboratoire Rhéologie et Procédés, F-38000 Grenoble, France;3. Laboratoire de Chimie Minérale, Faculté de Sciences, Université de Yaoundé I, BP 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, AISSMS College of Engineering, Kennedy Road, Near RTO, Pune 411001, India;2. Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India |
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| Abstract: | The degradation of a reactive azo dye, Direct Red 81 (DR81), by Fenton process and in conjunction with sonolysis (SonoFenton) was studied. The synergistic effect of Fenton process and sonolysis enhanced the degradation of Direct Red 81 in aqueous solutions and the reaction followed the mechanism of hydroxyl radical (HO ) oxidation. The influence of the initial substrate concentration, pH and catalyst loading on the rate of decolorisation were studied. The dye decolorisation followed apparent first order kinetics. The optimum conditions for decolorisation were pH = 3.0, Fe2+] = 0.2 g/l, H2O2] = 5.1 × 10?3 mol/l and ultrasonic frequency = 120 kHz, 60 W. These conditions yielded 99% decolorisation of DR81 within 75 min. The sonolytic degradation products of DR81 were identified using Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). The presence of CO32?, HCO3?, Cl?, NO3?, and SO42? ions in the dye solution did not have a considerable effect on the decolorisation efficiency. This study demonstrates that Fenton and SonoFenton methods can effectively decolorize DR81 dye in waste water. The dye concentration used in this study is higher compared to earlier studies illustrating the effective mineralization by the SonoFenton process. The mechanism of dye degradation is also proposed. |
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| Keywords: | Azo dye Direct Red 81 Fenton SonoFenton |
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