A theoretical consideration of the ballistic response of continuous graphene membranes |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Civil Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale of Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Materials Science Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale of Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland;1. School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia;2. Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel;1. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA;2. School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA;1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States;2. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States;1. Department of Engineering, Cambridge University, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK;2. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA |
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| Abstract: | The remarkable properties of graphene, including unusually high mechanical strength and stiffness, have been well-documented. In this paper, we combine an analytical solution for ballistic impact into a thin isotropic membrane, with ab initio density functional theory calculations for graphene under uniaxial tension, to predict the penetration resistance of multi-layer graphene membranes. The calculations show that continuous graphene membranes could enable ballistic barriers of extraordinary performance, enabling resistance to penetration at masses up to 100× lighter than existing state-of-the-art barrier materials. The very high elastic wave speed and strain energy to failure are the major drivers of this increase in performance. However, the in-plane mechanical isotropy of graphene, as compared to conventional orthotropic woven textiles, also contributes significantly to the efficiency of graphene as a barrier material. This result suggests that, for barrier applications, isotropic membranes composed of covalently bonded two-dimensional molecular networks could provide distinct advantages over fiber-based textiles derived from linear polymers. |
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| Keywords: | Graphene Ballistics Armor Impact Textiles |
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