Anisotropic sound and shock waves in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate |
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Authors: | P Muruganandam SK Adhikari |
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Institution: | a Instituto de Física Teórica, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, 01.140-070 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil b School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur Campus, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamilnadu, India |
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Abstract: | We study the propagation of anisotropic sound and shock waves in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in three dimensions (3D) as well as in quasi-two (2D, disk shape) and quasi-one (1D, cigar shape) dimensions using the mean-field approach. In 3D, the propagation of sound and shock waves are distinct in directions parallel and perpendicular to dipole axis with the appearance of instability above a critical value corresponding to attraction. Similar instability appears in 1D and not in 2D. The numerical anisotropic Mach angle agrees with theoretical prediction. The numerical sound velocity in all cases agrees with that calculated from Bogoliubov theory. A movie of the anisotropic wave propagation in a dipolar condensate is made available as supplementary material. |
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Keywords: | Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates Sound and shock waves Mach angle |
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