Biosynthesis of a fluorescent protein with extreme pseudo-Stokes shift by introducing a genetically encoded non-natural amino acid outside the fluorophore |
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Authors: | Kuhn Sebastian M Rubini Marina Müller Michael A Skerra Arne |
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Institution: | Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPS-M) and Lehrstuhl fu?r Biologische Chemie, Technische Universita?t Mu?nchen, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany. |
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Abstract: | A novel kind of fluorescent protein relying on the intramolecular interplay between two different fluorophores, one of chemical origin and one of biological origin, was developed. The fluorescent non-natural amino acid l-(7-hydroxycoumarin-4-yl)ethylglycine was site-specifically incorporated into the recombinant enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (eCFP) at a permissible surface position ~20 ? away from the protein fluorophore using amber suppression in Escherichia coli with an engineered cognate Methanococcus jannaschii tRNA synthetase. The resulting eCFP(Cou) exhibited almost quantitative intramolecular Fo?rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between its two fluorophores, showing brilliant cyan emission at 476 nm upon excitation in the near-UV at 365 nm (a wavelength easily accessible via conventional laboratory UV sources), in contrast to its natural counterpart. Thus, this fluorescent protein with unprecedented spectroscopic properties reveals an extreme apparent Stokes shift of ~110 nm between the absorption wavelength of the coumaryl group and the emission wavelength of eCFP. |
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