A box-covering algorithm for fractal scaling in scale-free networks |
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Authors: | Kim J S Goh K-I Kahng B Kim D |
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Institution: | CTP & FPRD, School of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, NS50, Seoul 151-747, Korea. |
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Abstract: | A random sequential box-covering algorithm recently introduced to measure the fractal dimension in scale-free (SF) networks is investigated. The algorithm contains Monte Carlo sequential steps of choosing the position of the center of each box; thereby, vertices in preassigned boxes can divide subsequent boxes into more than one piece, but divided boxes are counted once. We find that such box-split allowance in the algorithm is a crucial ingredient necessary to obtain the fractal scaling for fractal networks; however, it is inessential for regular lattice and conventional fractal objects embedded in the Euclidean space. Next, the algorithm is viewed from the cluster-growing perspective that boxes are allowed to overlap; thereby, vertices can belong to more than one box. The number of distinct boxes a vertex belongs to is, then, distributed in a heterogeneous manner for SF fractal networks, while it is of Poisson-type for the conventional fractal objects. |
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