用于核物理研究的精密激光谱技术的发展和展望

原子核基本性质（自旋、质量、寿命、磁矩、电四极矩和电荷半径等）与原子核的内在结构密切相关，是检验和发展原子核理论模型的重要依据。实验上可以通过多学科交叉的精密激光谱技术测量原子核外电子的超精细结构和同位素移位，来模型独立地提取原子核的自旋、磁矩、电四极矩和电荷均方根半径等多个核物理参量。这些基本性质的系统测量可以用于探索不稳定原子核中展现出来的新奇的物理现象与规律。近年来，为了测量产额更低的丰中子核的基本性质，激光谱技术不断更新和发展，以实现高分辨、高效率测量。本文详细介绍了激光谱测量的基本原理以及由此发展起来的用于不稳定原子核结构研究的各类互补的激光谱学技术，如共线激光谱（高分辨率低灵敏度）、在源激光谱（高灵敏度低分辨率）、共线共振电离谱（高分辨率高灵敏度）等激光谱技术，以及在不同核区的测量优势和局限。最后结合我国正在发展和规划中的新一代放射性核束装置，讨论精密激光谱技术在国内的发展以及在核物理研究中的应用。

Development and Prospect of Precision Laser Spectroscopy Techniques for Nuclear Physics Study

The nuclear properties (spin, mass, life-time, magnetic moment, electric quadrupole moment and charge radius) of the ground and long-lived states of unstable nuclei can be used to explore the exotic nuclear structure phenomenon, and also will be a prominent input for the nuclear theory methods and nuclear interactions. Experimentally, we can nuclear-model independently determine the nuclear spins, magnetic moments, electric quadrupole moments and mean square charge radii simultaneously from hyperfine structure and isotope shift, measured with the interdisciplinary laser spectroscopy techniques. In recent years, with the continuous efforts, various laser spectroscopy techniques with high resolution and high efficiency have been developed in order to study the short-lived isotopes produced at the radioactive ion beam facilities with very low production yield. Here, we will introduce the basic principle of laser spectroscopy measurement and discuss in detail the various complementary laser spectroscopy techniques developed for the nuclear structure study of unstable isotopes. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, such as collinear laser spectroscopy (high resolution, low sensitivity), in-source laser spectroscopy (high sensitivity, low resolution), as well as collinear resonant ionization (high resolution, high sensitivity), are discussed regarding to the resolution and sensitivity, which is highly related to the application of the technique in different mass region of nuclear chart. In addition, future plan and prospect on the development of the precision laser spectroscopy techniques will be discussed, which, with the hope, will be used for nuclear physics study at the next-generation facilities constructed and planed in China.