镁铜合金储氢材料的制备及对高氯酸铵热分解过程的影响

采用置换-扩散法制备了镁铜合金储氢材料(Mg2Cu-H), 并对其结构进行了表征. 结果表明, Mg2Cu经过氢化得到的镁铜合金储氢材料不是单一晶相, 而是MgCu2和MgH2的混合物. 用热分析法(DSC)研究了镁铜合金储氢材料对固体火箭推进剂常用氧化剂——高氯酸铵(AP)热分解过程的影响. 结果表明, 镁铜合金储氢材料可以显著促进AP的热分解过程, 加快热分解速率, 降低高温热分解温度, 使DSC表观分解热明显增大. Mg2Cu-H对AP热分解过程的促进作用明显强于Mg2Cu. 随着加入量增加, 镁铜合金储氢材料对AP热分解的催化促进作用增强. 探讨了镁铜合金储氢材料促进AP热分解过程的作用机制.

Synthesis of Magnesium-Copper Hydrogen Storage Alloy and Its Effect on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

Magnesium-copper hydrogen storage alloy material (Mg2Cu-H) was prepared with a replacement-diffusion method, and its structure was also determined. Results show that the Mg-Cu hydrogen storage alloy material was a mixture of MgCu2 and MgH2. The thermal decomposition behavior of ammonium perchlorate (AP) used as the common oxidizer in solid rocket propellant has been investigated in the presence of the Mg-Cu hydrogen storage alloy material by a method of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showing that the Mg-Cu hydrogen storage alloy material had obvious boosting effect on the thermal decomposition of AP, and enlarged decomposition speed of AP, with clear decrease of the thermal decomposition temperature of AP and increase of its DSC heat release. The catalytic effect of Mg2Cu-H on the thermal decomposition of AP was clearly better than that of Mg2Cu, and it was enhanced with the increase of the content of Mg2Cu-H. The catalytic mechanism of Mg2Cu-H on the thermal decomposition of AP was also preliminarily studied.