A new approach toward improved low temperature performance of Li-ion battery |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, PR China;2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China;1. Helmholtz-Institut Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;2. Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW), Lise-Meitner-Straße 24, 89081 Ulm, Germany;1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejon 34158, Republic of Korea;2. Research Section of Power Control Devices, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejon 34129, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Chemistry/Display Research Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea;4. AlphaChem Co., Ltd, Suwon 16676, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, LosAngeles(UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejon 34158, Republic of Korea;2. Research Section of Power Control Devices, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejon 34129, Republic of Korea;3. Materials Engineering Department, Adama Science and Technology University, Ethiopia;4. Center for Energy Convergence, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 14gil-5, Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;1. Research Section of Power Control Devices, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejon 305-700, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejon 305-719, Republic of Korea;3. Center for Energy Convergence, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles(UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA |
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| Abstract: | We report a new approach toward formulating an electrolyte for low temperature operation of Li-ion batteries. The core of this new approach is to use LiBF4 salt instead of LiPF6, which is the chosen solute in the state-of-the-art Li-ion electrolytes. We found that although LiBF4-based electrolyte has lower ionic conductivity than the LiPF6 analogue, it provides improved low temperature performance. In particular, at −30 °C, a Li-ion cell with 1 m (mol/kg solvent) LiBF4 dissolved in 1:1:3 (wt.) propylene carbonate (PC)/ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) mixed solvent delivers as high as 86% of capacity, in comparison to that obtained at 20 °C. Whereas the counterpart one, using LiPF6, only retains 72%. Furthermore, the cell with LiBF4-based electrolyte shows lower polarization at −30 °C. The above results suggest that the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is not the only limitation to the low temperature operation of Li-ion batteries. Analysis of cell impedance reveals that the improved low temperature performance by LiBF4 arises from a reduced charge-transfer resistance. |
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