氧化钨纳米线-单壁碳纳米管复合型气敏元件的室温NO2敏感性能与机理

利用溶剂热法合成了一维的氧化钨纳米线, 通过掺入适量单壁碳纳米管(SWNT)制备了基于氧化钨纳米线-SWNT 复合结构的室温气敏元件并评价了其对NO₂气体的室温敏感性能. 利用X射线与扫描电子显微镜表征了材料的微结构, 结果表明, 合成的氧化钨纳米线具有单斜的W₁₈O₄₉结构, 复合材料中SWNT被包埋在氧化钨纳米线中间. 气敏性能测试结果表明, 氧化钨纳米线-SWNT复合结构气敏元件在室温下对NO₂气体表现出了高的灵敏度和超快的响应特性; 较低的SWNT掺入量对获得好的气敏性能有利. 分析了基于复合结构材料气敏元件的可能的气敏机理, 认为元件良好的室温敏感性能与SWNT掺入在复合结构材料中引入大量的贯穿气孔和p-n异质结有关.

Room temperature NO2-sensing properties and mechanism of the sensors based on tungsten oxide nanowires/single-wall carbon nanotubes composites

One-dimensional tungsten oxide nanowires are synthesized by the solvothermal method. The sensors based on tungsten oxide nanowires/single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) composites are fabricated by introducing SWNT, and their NO₂ sensing properties are evaluated at room temperature. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope characterizations indicate that the as-synthesized nanowires are monoclinic W₁₈O₄₉, and SWNTs are embedded within the nanowire matrix in the prepared tungsten oxide nanowires/SWNT composites. The tungsten oxide nanowires/SWNT composites-based sensors show high sensitivity, good selectivity and super fast response to NO₂ gas at room temperature. The NO₂ sensing properties of the sensors increase with the decrease of SWNT content. The sensing mechanism of the composites-based sensor is discussed and it is thought that the introduction of SWNT induces the formation of a large number of p-n hetero junctions and cross-linked diffusion channels in the structure of the composites, which are responsible for the good NO₂ sensing properties at room temperature.