Novel dual inhibitors against FP-2 and PfDHFR as potential antimalarial agents: Design,synthesis and biological evaluation |
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Authors: | Wenhua Chen Xue Yao Zhenghui Huang Fei Mao Longfei Guan Yun Tang Hualiang Jiang Jian Li Jin Huang Lubin Jiang Jin Zhu |
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Institution: | a Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China;
b Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Unit of Human Parasite Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China |
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Abstract: | Resistance to malaria parasites has quickly developed to almost all used antimalarial drugs. Cysteine protease falcipain-2 (FP-2) and Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR) have crucial roles, which are absolutely necessary, in the parasite life cycle. In this study, based on the uniform pharmacophores of reported PfDHFR inhibitors and the first-generation dual inhibitors against FP-2 and PfDHFR, we identified a novel series of dual inhibitors through fragments assembly. Lead optimization led to the identification of 14, which showed potent inhibition against FP-2 and PfDHFR enzyme (IC50 = 6.8 ± 1.8 μmol/L and IC50 = 8.8 ± 0.3 μmol/L) and P. falciparum 3D7 strain (IC50 = 2.9 μmol/L). Additionally, 14 exhibited more potent inhibition to the proliferation of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum Dd2 strain (IC50 = 1.1 μmol/L) than pyrimethamine (IC50 > 10 μmol/L), and 14 displayed micromolar inhibitory activities against two clinical isolated strains Fab9 (IC50 = 2.6 μmol/L) and GB4 (IC50 = 1.0 μmol/L). Collectively, these data demonstrated that 14 might be a good lead compound for the treatment of malaria. |
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Keywords: | Antimalarial drug Plasmodium falciparum FP-2 PfDHFR Dual inhibitor |
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