Synergism and antagonism in phase transfer catalysis

Synergism and antagonism phenomena in phase transfer catalytic reactions have been considered. The factors responsible for the Synergism in the catalysis by an onium salt-crown ether mixture have been determined. Special attention have been paid to quantitative estimation of synergism and antagonism. The influence of addition of water on the rates of the reactions in solid-liquid systems have been discussed.In memory of the 75th anniversary of Member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR L. M. Litvinenko.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2108–2114, November, 1995.