硼氢化钠水解制氢的研究

采用置换镀的方法在泡沫镍基体上获得不同载钌量的NaBH4水解制氢催化剂。实验结果表明，NaBH4水解制氢反应为零级反应，氢气生成速率随载钌量的增加而变快；当泡沫镍表面完全被钌覆盖时，载钌量为6%，相应的催化能力最强。与离子交换树脂载钌催化剂相比，泡沫镍载钌催化剂更稳定、耐用。实验还证实，30%比35%的NaBH4水溶液在相同的催化剂作用下更易发生水解反应；NaBH4水溶液中加入少量的NaOH有助于提高钌催化剂的催化性能。通过对NaBH4储氢体系的能量计算，说明采用该氢源体系的微型燃料电池的能量密度有望达到甚至超过锂离子电池的比能量水平。

Experimental study on hydrogen gas generation using sodium borohydride aqueous solution

Catalysts with various Ru loading, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 6%, for hydrogen generation by hydrolyzation of NaBH4 were prepared through replacement plating on nickel foam substrate. The kinetics of NaBH4 hydrolyzation in aqueous solution was a zero order reaction. The hydrogen generation rate became faster as Ru loading increased. When nickel foam surface was entirely covered with Ru, i.e. 6%, the catalyst became the most effective on decomposition of NaBH4. Comparing with the catalyst loaded on the ion exchanged resin beads, Ru loaded nickel foam was more stable and safer. NaBH4 decomposed more easily in 30% of aqueous solution than in 35% solution under the same catalyst loading. The addition of small amount of NaOH into the solution would promote the decomposition of NaBH4. Finally, energy calculation of NaBH4 aqueous solution was carried out and it was proved that a NaBH4-based hydrogen generator enables the target of hydrogen storage densities over 4% which may enable a micro proton exchange membrane fuel cell(µPEMFC) to be equal to or even better than Li-ion battery. A mobile phone powered by a prototype of a µPEMFC with such a small NaBH4-based H2 generator was demonstrated. This NaBH4 generator can be quickly refueled by simply filling the reservoir with fresh NaBH4 solution. Ru catalyst is reusable.