Freezing temperatures and enthalpies of dilution of aqueous solutions of amides. Gibbs energies and enthalpies of interaction of the N,N-dimethylamide group in aqueous solutions

Enthalpies of dilution, freezing temperatures, and densities of aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethylacetamide and N,N-dimethylpropionamide have been measured. Freezing temperatures of dilute aqueous solutions of formamide and N,N-dimethylformamide have also been measured. These data yield the pairwise molecular Gibbs energies and enthalpies of interaction: these have been treated according to a group additivity principle to give pairwise functional group Gibbs energies and enthalpies of interaction. The results indicate that substitution on the amide nitrogen may increase the Gibbs energy and enthalpy of interaction of the amide group with itself in an aqueous environment but the effect if present is small.