Study of glasses and glass ceramics in Bi2O3-GeO2-Fe2O3 and Bi2O3-GeO2-Cr2O3 systems by optical spectroscopy

The ferroelectric Bi₂GeO₅ crystalline phase is synthesized by heat treatment of 1Bi₂O₃-1GeO₂-xFe₂O₃ and 1Bi₂O₃-1GeO₂-yCr₂O₃ glasses. The obtained glass ceramics and initial glasses are studied using X-ray diffraction analysis and optical spectroscopy. The dielectric characteristics are measured, and the Curie temperature is determined. The effect of chromium and iron ions on the absorption spectra and dielectric properties of glasses and glass ceramics is determined.