Noble-metal nanocrystals with concave surfaces: synthesis and applications |
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Authors: | Zhang Hui Jin Mingshang Xia Younan |
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Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China. |
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Abstract: | Metal nanocrystals with concave surfaces are interesting for a wide variety of applications that are related to catalysis, plasmonics, and surface‐enhanced spectroscopy. This interest arises from their high‐index facets, surface cavities, and sharp corners/edges. Two major challenges are associated with this novel class of nanocrystals: 1) how to generate a concave surface with negative curvature, which is not favored by thermodynamics owing to its higher energy than the convex counterpart; and 2) how to stabilize the morphology of a nanocrystal with concave structures on the surface. Recently, a number of different procedures have been developed for the synthesis of noble‐metal nanocrystals with concave surfaces. This Review provides a brief account of these developments, with the aim of offering new insights into the growth mechanisms. We focus on methods based on two general strategies: 1) site‐specific dissolution through etching and galvanic replacement; and 2) directionally controlled overgrowth by facet‐selective capping, kinetic control, and template‐directed epitaxy. Their enhanced catalytic and electrocatalytic properties are also described. |
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Keywords: | concave surfaces nanocrystals noble metals shape control |
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