The turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids in the absence of anomalous wall effects

For Newtonian fluids, the engineering predictions for pressure drop in turbulent pipe flow are well established. However, in the case of non-Newtonian liquids, only a few design techniques have been proposed and these do not share a common basis with the approach for Newtonian systems. This present work attempts to provide a common basis for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian systems in situations where anomalous wall effects are absent. Previously published experimental data suggest that if the Reynolds number is calculated on the basis of the apparent viscosity at the wall then the standard Newtonian correlations can be used for the prediction of pressure drop. The use of the wall viscosity in defining the Reynolds number also serves as a test for anomalous behaviour. Any departure of the experimental data from the Newtonian turbulent friction factor correlation indicates anomalous behaviour.