Nanoelectrodes for intracellular measurements of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in single living cells |
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| Authors: | Keke Hu Yan-Ling Liu Alexander Oleinick Michael V. Mirkin Wei-Hua Huang Christian Amatore |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367, USA;2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China;3. PASTEUR, Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Superieure, PSL University, Sorbonne University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;4. State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) play important roles in various physiological processes (e.g. phagocytosis) and pathological conditions (e.g. cancer). The primary ROS/RNS, viz., hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite ion, nitric oxide, and nitrite ion, can be oxidized at different electrode potentials and therefore detected and quantified by electroanalytical techniques. Nanometer-sized electrochemical probes are especially suitable for measuring ROS/RNS in single cells and cellular organelles. In this article, we survey recent advances in the localized measurements of ROS/RNS inside single cells and discuss several methodological issues, including optimization of nanoelectrode geometry, precise positioning of an electrochemical probe inside a cell, and interpretation of electroanalytical data. |
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| Keywords: | Nanoelectrodes Intracellular measurements Oxidative stress Reactive oxygen species Reactive nitrogen species Cancer Macrophages Phagocytosis Homeostasis |
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