重度颅脑损伤病人早期肠内营养的护理实践和体会

为探讨对重度颅脑损伤患者进行早期肠内营养的效果,对40例颅脑损伤患者进行格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS),GCS评分为6~11分的脑损伤患者早期进行灌注鼻饲蛋白营养匀浆膳食,静脉营养补充不足。结果表明,40例患者中,5例出现腹泻,3例出现便秘,其余32例患者均能耐受早期肠内营养,各项营养指标显著改善,无出现误吸、消化道出血等并发症。提示重度颅脑损伤患者进行早期肠内营养,不但能增强免疫功能,改善机体营养状况,还能预防消化道出血,控制高血糖,促进肠道吸收及排泄功能的早期恢复,降低病死率,促进神经功能的恢复,改善生存质量。也能在较大程度上减轻病人的经济负担,缩短住院时间。

Nursing Practice and Comprehension of Ealy Enteral Nutrition for Patients with Severe Craniocerebral Trauma

To valuate the effects of early enteral nutrition for patients with severe craniocerebral trauma, 40 patients were included, whose GCS （Glasgow coma scale） score was between 6 and 11. All patients were given early perfusion nasal feeding diet homogenate, and introvenous nutrition was also given when necessary. The results well tolerance to the early enteral nutrition was observed in 32 patients （80%）, whereas 5 with the complication of diarrhea and 3 with constipation. Most of the nutrition indexes were obviously improved, no aspiration or alimentary tract hemorrhage was observed. It concludes performance of early enteral nutrition for patients with severe craniocerebral trauma can not only stengthen the immune function, improve the nutrition condition of the body, but also can prevent the alimentary tract hemorrhage, control the hyperglycemia, promote the early recovery of the absopfive and evacuative function of the intestines and the recovery of the nervous system, decrease the fatality rate, improve the life quality. In addition, it also can cut down the cost and shorten the time to discharge.