Sonocatalytic removal of ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole in the presence of different fly ash sources |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea;1. Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Badji Mokhtar – Annaba University, P.O. Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Engineering Process, University of Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria;3. Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Materials Technology, University of Oum El-Bouaghi, P.O. Box 358, 04000 Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria;1. Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France;2. Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas (InSTEC), Universidad de La Habana, Cuba;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Army Academy at Young-Cheon, 495 Hogook-ro, Kokyungmeon, Young-Cheon, Gyeongbuk 38900, South Korea;3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-Dong Nowon-Gu, Seoul, South Korea;4. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seoul 02707, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
We examined the feasibility of using two types of fly ash (an industrial waste from thermal power plants) as a low-cost catalyst to enhance the ultrasonic (US) degradation of ibuprofen (IBP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Two fly ashes, Belews Creek fly ash (BFA), from a power station in North Carolina, and Wateree Station fly ash (WFA), from a power station in South Carolina, were used. The results showed that >99% removal of IBP and SMX was achieved within 30 and 60 min of sonication, respectively, at 580 kHz and pH 3.5. Furthermore, the removal of IBP and SMX achieved, in terms of frequency, was in the order 580 kHz > 1000 kHz > 28 kHz, and in terms of pH, was in the order of pH 3.5 > pH 7 > pH 9.5. WFA showed significant enhancement in the removal of IBP and SMX, which reached >99% removal within 20 and 50 min, respectively, at 580 kHz and pH 3.5. This was presumably because WFA contains more silicon dioxide than BFA, which can enhance the formation of OH radicals during sonication. Additionally, WFA has finer particles than BFA, which can increase the adsorption capacity in removing IBP and SMX. The sonocatalytic degradation of IBP and SMX fitted pseudo first-order rate kinetics and the synergistic indices of all the reactions were determined to compare the efficiency of the fly ashes. Overall, the findings have showed that WFA combined with US has potential for treating organic pollutants, such as IBP and SMX, in water and wastewater. |
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| Keywords: | Ibuprofen Sulfamethoxazole Sonocatalytical degradation Fly ash Water treatment |
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