Elemental analysis of bead samples using a laser-induced plasma at low pressure |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation, 40 Srengseng Raya, Kembangan, Jakarta Barat 11630, Indonesia;2. Graduate Program in Opto Electrotechniques and Laser Applications, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Indonesia, 4 Salemba Raya, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275, Indonesia;4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23116, Indonesia;5. Physics Department, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, South Korea;6. Department of Physics, Faculty of Education and Regional Studies, Fukui University, 9-1 bunkyo 3-chome, Fukui 910-8507, Japan;7. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, 10 Ganesha, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;1. Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan 0014, Armenia;2. Yerevan State University, Armenia;1. Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan;2. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito 310-0056, Japan;3. Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan;4. Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;5. Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, JAEA, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan;6. J-PARC Center, JAEA, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan;7. Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;8. Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori-cho S`ennangun,Osaka 590-0494, Japan;1. Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry of CAS, Department of Instrumentation & Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, PR China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China;1. Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China;2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China;3. Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de Nano-Objets, INSA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France;1. Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”, Università Degli Studi di Palermo-Italy, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy;2. Istituto Euro Mediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia (IEMEST), Via Emerico Amari 123, 90139 Palermo, Italy |
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| Abstract: | An Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 8 ns, 30 mJ) was focused on various types of fresh, fossilized white coral and giant shell samples, including samples of imitation shell and marble. Such samples are extremely important as material for preparing prayer beads that are extensively used in the Buddhist faith. The aim of this research was to develop a non-destructive method to distinguish original beads from their imitations by means of spectral measurements of the carbon, hydrogen, sodium and magnesium emission intensities and by measuring the hardness of the sample using the ratio between Ca (II) 396.8 nm and Ca (I) 422.6 nm. Based on these measurements, original fresh coral beads can be distinguished from any imitation made from hard wood. The same technique was also effective in distinguishing beads made of shell from its imitation. A spectral analysis of bead was also performed on a fossilized white coral sample and the result can be used to distinguish to some extent the fossilized white coral beads from any imitation made from marble. It was also found that the plasma plume should be generated at low ambient pressure to significantly improve the hydrogen and carbon emission intensity and also to avoid energy loss inside the crater during laser irradiation at atmospheric pressure. The results of this study confirm that operating the laser-induced plasma spectroscopy at reduced ambient pressure offers distinct advantage for bead analysis over the conventional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique operated at atmospheric pressure. |
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