a Department of Chemistry, University of the North (Qwaqwa Campus), Private Bag X13 Phuthaditjhaba 9866 South Africa b Department of Chemistry, Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir Christelike Hoër Onderwys Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa c Institute of Polymer Technology and Materials Engineering, Loughborough University Loughborough LE11 3TU UK |