Electrochemistry probed one molecule at a time

Probing electrochemical reactions at the single-reaction level is the ultimate goal for electroanalytical chemistry. The development of electrical approaches and optical methods has enabled addressing the electrochemistry of individual molecules in various systems such as scanning probe microscopy, fixed nanogaps, nanopores, single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, and single-molecule electrochemiluminescence microscopy, which can bring new views on fundamental electrochemistry, electroanalytical applications, and electrochemical cells. We conclude with potential directions for further improving the spatial and temporal resolution and developing new techniques towards meeting the requirements for achieving the outlined goals.