丝网印刷制备染料敏化太阳能电池

染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）是太阳能电池研究的热点领域之一，使用丝网印刷技术制备以纳米晶多孔TiO₂薄膜为光阳极的DSSC具有低成本、简单的制备工艺和高的光电转换效率（PCE）的特点，这类太阳能电池受到人们广泛关注。为了提高这类太阳能电池的光电转换效率，通过采用不同网目相同印刷胶体制备了太阳能电池的光阳极优化印刷工艺十分重要，采用不同网目的方法研究印刷工艺对太阳能电池光伏性能的影响是十分有效的。用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO₂胶体，通过扫描电镜看出TiO₂薄膜具有多孔结构，其高比表面积有利于薄膜对染料分子的吸附，也有利于提高电池对太阳光的吸收率。经过高温烧结后丝网印刷的TiO₂薄膜展现了明显的锐钛矿结构较窄衍射峰，意味着TiO₂颗粒已经完全晶化且粒径增加。制备目数从100增到300导致网孔直径减少而薄膜变得更加致密，使得TiO₂薄膜的XRD衍射峰逐渐增强，而从300目增到400目时由于网孔过小导致TiO₂胶体通过网孔数量变小使得衍射峰强度下降。用不同网目印刷了单层TiO₂光阳极研究DSSCs光伏性能的变化情况，发现制备目数是200目和300目印刷太阳能电池的性能较好，而400网目印刷太阳能电池的性能最差，这与XRD观察的结果一致。再分别采用网目为100目、200目、300目和400目的印网将胶体印刷成了多层TiO₂薄膜，以此为基础组装DSSC。实验结果表明：通过不同组合网目的丝网印刷制备TiO₂薄膜，组装后的染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率得到了显著提升，其中以300目+200目+100目三层叠印时得到的优化光阳极的最高电池效率达到6.9%。以丝网印刷的方法制备电极不需要进行任何化学处理，在较高网目制备底层的情况下印刷的薄膜均匀牢固，且电池制备的步骤简单、重复性好，能量转换效率较高。

Study on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell by Screen Printing

Presently, the study of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has become one of the focus of solar cells research. Owing to low cost, easy fabrication process, and high power conversion efficiency (PCE), the DSSCs with the nano-crystalline porous TiO₂ film as photo-anode by the preparation of screen printing are widely concerned. It is very important to optimize the screen printing process. This method is very effective to study the effect of the screen printing process on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. The TiO₂ were prepared by sol-gel method, and the porous structure of TiO₂ thin film observed by SEM has a high specific surface area, which is conducive to the adsorption of dye molecules and improving the solar absorption rate. The screen printing TiO₂ film after high-temperature sintering shows a narrow diffraction peak of anatase structure, which implies that TiO₂ particles have been fully crystallized. The increase of mesh number from 100 to 300 leads to the decrease of diameter and the increase of TiO₂ film density, making the diffraction peak of XRD enhanced. However, the increases from 300 to 400 mesh decrease TiO₂ colloids passing through the mesh due to the small mesh size, which makes the decline of XRD diffraction peak. The photovoltaic performance of DSSCs was studied by using single-layer TiO₂ photoanode printed on different mesh number. It was found that the photovoltaic performances of DSSCs with 200 and 300 mesh were better than that of 400 mesh. The multilayer TiO₂ anode were printed using 100, 200, 300, and 400 mesh respectively, and the dye-sensitized solar cells were assembled. The results show that PCE for dye-sensitized solar cells has been significantly improved by the use of different mesh combination printing. It was the highest efficiency 6.9% under 300 mesh+200 mesh+100 mesh printing. The screen printing electrode preparation method without any chemical treatment，the printed film of high-mesh bottom layer is uniform and firm, the cell preparation has simple process, good repeatability, and the dye-sensitized solar cells have high PCE.