Operando Raman Shift Replaces Current in Electrochemical Analysis of Li-ion Batteries: A Comparative Study |
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Authors: | Mariusz Radtke Christian Hess |
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Institution: | Eduard-Zintl-Institute, Physical and Surface Chemistry of Nanomaterials, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; |
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Abstract: | Li-rich and catalytically active - (x = 1.48) was investigated as a cathode for its heterogeneous charge transfer kinetics. Using a specially designed two-electrode system lithium half cell, Butler–Volmer analysis was performed, and Raman spectra were acquired in 18 mV intervals. A direct correlation was observed between the Raman shift of the active modes ,, , and , and the development of the Faraday current at the working electrode. The Raman intensity and the Raman shift were implemented to replace the current in a Tafel plot used for the analysis of Butler–Volmer kinetics. Striking similarities in the charge transfer proportionality constants were found for current and Raman-based analysis. The potential of this new method of Raman-aided electrochemical detection at the diffraction limit is discussed. |
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Keywords: | lithium-ion battery Butler– Volmer kinetics operando Raman spectroscopy kinetics |
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