ICP-MS在水库水源地重金属污染健康风险评价中的应用

对辽河流域水库饮用水源地水样中重金属元素(Cr, As, Cd, Cu, Zn和Pb)浓度进行了调查研究，并采用美国环保署推荐的健康风险评价模型对水库中重金属污染做了初步的健康风险评价。结果表明，辽河流域5个水库中6种重金属元素Cr，Cu，Zn，As，Cd和Pb的平均浓度分别为3.36, 1.03, 2.70, 1.23, 0.02, 0.03 μg·L-1，均未超过国家生活饮用水卫生标准(GB 5749—2006)。健康风险评价结果表明，研究区域的金属致癌风险较高，致癌重金属的健康风险大小依次为Cr>As>Cd。其中，水库中Cr元素致癌风险最高，成人和儿童分别为4.50×10-5~7.53×10-5和6.29×10-5~1.05×10-4 a-1。非致癌重金属引起的健康风险值为10-13~10-10 a-1，均在国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)所规定的可接受范围内，健康风险大小为Cu>Zn>Pb。重金属总健康风险成人为1.07×10-4~1.72×10-4 a-1，儿童为1.49×10-4~2.40×10-4 a-1，均超过ICRP推荐的5×10-5 a-1。辽河流域饮用水源地致癌重金属的风险明显高于非致癌重金属。

Application of ICP-MS in the Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals for Drinking Water Sources in Reservoirs

The six heavy metal concentrations (Cr, Cr, As, Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) in water samples collected from five reservoirs of Liao River Basin were studied. The health risk assessment for heavy metals pollution in reservoirs was conducted based on the environmental health risk assessment model recommended by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cr，Cu，Zn，As，Cd and Pb in five reservoirs of Liao River Basin were 3.36, 1.03, 2.70, 1.23, 0.02 and 0.03 μg·L-1，respectively. In fact, these heavy metals concentrations were obviously lower than the Standard of National Drinking Water in China (GB 5749—2006). The results also showed that the metal carcinogenic risk was relatively high in this region. The order of the risk level of carcinogenic metals was Cr>As>Cd. The highest carcinogenic risk was from Cr, with the risk for adults ranging from 4.50×10-5~7.53×10-5 a-1 and the risk for children ranging from 6.29×10-5 to 1.05×10-4 a-1. The health risk levels caused by non-carcinogenic metals ranging from 10-13 to 10-10 a-1 were lower than the acceptable range suggested by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the order of the risk level of non-carcinogenic metals was Cu>Zn>Pb. The total health risk of heavy metals for adults ranging from 1.07×10-4 to 1.72×10-4 a-1 and for children ranging from 1.49×10-4 to 2.40×10-4 a-1 exceeded the accepted level of 5×10-5 a-1 as suggested by ICRP. The health risk levels of carcinogenic metals were significantly higher than those of non-carcinogenic metals in the reservoirs for Liao River Basin.