东北4种典型土壤粘粒矿物的初步表征

以黑土、白浆土、棕壤和褐土为研究对象，采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对东北4种典型土壤的粘粒矿物进行了表征，结果显示，它们属于蒙脱石型图谱。4种土壤的主要矿物成分均为石英，但黑土和白浆土还有蒙脱石和高山石等成分，棕壤和褐土还有高山石和云母等成分。黑土、棕壤和褐土的粘土矿物颗粒均呈层状结构，表面具有十分明显的非均匀特性，其中黑土粘土矿物表面粗糙不平，而棕壤和褐土的粘土矿物表面比黑土要光滑;与此相反，白浆土的粘土矿物表面轮廓清晰、表面光滑，且有较多的空洞。分析结果表明土壤粘粒矿物的组成和特性可以利用土样的光谱特征进行分析和检验，得到的信息是准确有效的。

Preliminary Characterization of Clay Minerals from Four Typical Soils of Northeast China

The black soil, albic soil, brown soil and cinnamon soil in Northeast China were selected as research objects, and their mineral characteristics were evaluated with Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD), and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that the mineral atlas of test soils were of montmorillonite type. Quartz was the main component of clay minerals in the four soils. Montmorillonite and high mountain stone had higher amounts in black soil and albic soil, and mica and high mountain stone were more in brown soil and cinnamon soil. Generally, the surface of mineral particles in black soil, brown soil and cinnamon soil seems to be of laminarization with significant un-uniformity, and compared with black soil, brown soil and cinnamon soil had more smooth surface. In contrast, the mineral particles in albic soil had distinct profile and smooth surface with some interstice. It was indicated that the components and characteristics of soil clay minerals could be analyzed by soil spectroscopy, and the related information to be obtained could be accurate and available.